1) Environmental Working Group. 2003. Body Burden: The Pollution in People. <http://www.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden1/> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
2) Black, H. 2006. Setting a baseline for biomonitoring. Environmental Health Perspectives 114:A652-A654.
3) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH Pub. No. 05-0570.
4) Schreder, E. 2006. Pollution in People: A Study of Toxic Chemicals in Washingtonians. Seattle, WA: Toxic-Free Legacy Coalition. <http://www.pollutioninpeople.org> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
5) Patten, S. and D. Baltz. 2005. Taking It All In: Documenting Chemical Pollution in Californians Through Biomonitoring. Bolinas, CA: Commonweal Biomonitoring Resource Center. <http://www.commonweal.org> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
6) Environmental Defence. 2005. Toxic Nation: A Report on Pollution in Canadians. Toronto, Ontario: Environmental Defence.
7) Environmental Working Group. 2003. Body Burden: The Pollution in People. <http://www.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden1/> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
8) National Research Council Committee on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants. 2006. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
9) DiGangi, J., T. Schettler, M. Cobbing, and M. Rossi. 2002. Aggregate exposures to phthalates in humans. Washington, DC: Health Care Without Harm. <http://www.noharm.org/library/docs/Phthalate_Report.pdf> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
10) Chang, J.C.S., R. Fortmann, and N. Roache. 2002. Air toxics emissions from a vinyl shower curtain. Proceedings: Indoor Air 2002: 542-547.
11) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Second Annual Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH Pub. No. 02-0716.
Blount, B.C. 2000. Levels of seven urinary phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. Environmental Health Perspectives 108: 979-982.
12) Clark K., I. Cousins, and D. MacKay. 2003. Assessment of critical exposure pathways, 3Q. Phthalate Esters, pp. 227-262 in: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (C. Staples, ed.). New York: Springer. Otake, T., J. Yoshinaga, and Y. Yanagisawa. 2004. Exposure to phthalate esters from indoor environment. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 14:524-528.
13) Green, R., R. Hauser, T. Schettler, and H. Hu. 2005. Use of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate–containing medical products and urinary levels of mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in neonatal intensive care unit infants. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:1222–1225.
14) Houlihan, J., C. Brody, and B. Schwan. 2002. Not Too Pretty: Phthalates, Beauty Products, and the FDA. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Working Group. <http://www.noharm.org/us/pesticidesCleaners/Fragrances> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
15) Swan, S.H., K.M. Main, F. Liu, S.L. Stewart, et al. 2005. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:1056-1061.
16) Gray, L.E. Jr., J. Ostby, J. Furr, M. Price, D.N. Rao Veeramachaneni, and L. Parks. 2000. Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicological Sciences 58:350-365.
Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction. 2006. NTP CERHR Monograph on the Potential Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Pub. No. 06-4476.
17) Duty, S.M. 2003. The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm. Environmental Health Perspectives 111: 1164-1169.
18) Hauser, R., and A.M. Calafat. 2005. Phthalates and human health. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 62:806-818.
19) Colon, I. 2000. Identification of phthalate esters in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls
with premature breast development. Environmental Health Perspectives 108:895-900.
20) ATSDR. 2002. Toxicological profile for Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. < http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp9.html> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
Bornehag, C., J. Sundell, C.J. Weschler, T. Sigsgaard, B. Lundgren, M. Hasselgren, and L. Hägerhead-Engman. 2004. The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: A nested case-control study. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:1393-1397.
Hoppin, J.A., R. Ulmer, and S.J. London. 2004. Phthalate exposure and pulmonary function. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:571-574.
21) U.S. EPA. 1993. Integrated Risk Information System, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CASRN 117-81-7). <http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
22) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics and Colors. 2005. Phthalates and Cosmetic Products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, < http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-phth.html> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
23) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2004. Toxicological profile for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
24) Hazrati, S. and S. Harrad. 2006. Causes of variability in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air. Environmental Science and Technology 40:7584-7589.
25) Stapleton, H.M., N.G. Dodder, J.H. Offenberg, M.M. Schantz, and S.A. Wise. 2005. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust and clothes dryer lint. Environmental Science and Technology 39:925-931.
26) Noren, K., and D. Meironyte. 2000. Certain organochlorine and organobromine contaminants in Swedish human milk in perspective of past 20-30 years. Chemosphere 40:1111-1123.
27) Schecter, A., O. Päpke, J.E. Joseph, and K.C. Tung. 2005. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. computers and domestic carpet vacuuming: possible sources of human exposure. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health A68:501–513.
Stapleton, H.M., N.G. Dodder, J.H. Offenberg, M.M. Schantz, and S.A. Wise. 2005. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust and clothes dryer lint. Environmental Science and Technology 39:925–931.
Sjödin, A., R.S. Jones, J.F. Focant, C. Lapeza, R.Y. Wang, E. McGahe III, et al. 2004. Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:654–658.
Jones-Otazo, H.A., J.P. Clarke, M.L. Diamond, J.A. Archbold, G. Ferguson, T. Harner, et al. 2005. Is house dust the missing exposure pathway for PBDEs? An analysis of the urban fate and human exposure to PBDEs. Environmental Science and Technology 39:5121–5130.
Wu, N., T. Webster, T. Hermann, O. Päpke, J. Tickner, R. Hale, et al. 2005. Associations of PBDE levels in breast milk with diet and indoor dust concentrations. Organohalogen Compounds 67:654–657.
Butt, C.M., M.L. Diamond, J. Truong, M.G. Ikonomou, and A.F.H. Ter Schure. 2004. Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in southern Ontario as measured in indoor and outdoor window organic films. Environmental Science and Technology 38:724-731.
Harrad, S., R. Wijesekera, S. Hunter, C. Halliwell, and R. Baker. 2004. Preliminary assessment of U.K. human dietary and inhalation exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environmental Science and Technology 38:2345-2350.
28) Bocio, A., J.M. Llobet, J.L. Domingo, J. Corbella, A. Teixidó, and C. Casas. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs: human exposure through the diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51:3191-3195.
Schecter, A., O. Päpke, K.C. Tung, D. Staskal, and L. Birnbaum. 2004. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers contamination of United States food. Environmental Science and Technology 38:5306-5311.
Schecter, A., O. Päpke, R. Harris, K.C. Tung, A. Musumba, J. Olson, and L. Birnbaum. 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environmental Health Perspectives 114: 1515-1520.
29) Lunder, S. and R. Sharp. 2003. Mothers Milk. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Working Group.
Hites, R.A. 2004. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations. Environmental Science and Technology 38:945-956.
Schecter, A., M. Pavuk., O. Päpke, J.J. Ryan, L. Birnbaum, R. Rosen. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers’ milk. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:1723–1729.
30) Health Canada. 2006. State of the Science Report for a Screening Health Assessment: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs). Environment and Workplace Health, HC Pub. 4436, <http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/existsub/pbde/index_e.html> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
Mazdai, A., N.G. Dodder, M.P. Abernathy, R.A. Hites, and R.M. Bigsby. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:1249–1252.
31) Bocio, A., J.M. Llobet, J.L. Domingo, J. Corbella, A. Teixidó, C. Casas. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs: human exposure through the diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51:3191-3195.
32) Ohta, S., D. Ishizuka, H. Nishimura, T. Nakao, O. Aozasa, Y. Shimidzu, et al. 2002. Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish, vegetables, and meats and levels in human milk of nursing women in Japan. Chemosphere 46:689–696.
33) Birnbaum, L.S., and D.F. Staskal. 2004. Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern? Environmental Health Perspectives 112:9-17
34) Cressey, M.A., E.A. Reeve, D.C. Rice, V.P. Markowski. Behavioral impairments produced by developmental exposure to the flame retardant decaBDE, presented at the annual meeting of the Behavioral Toxicology Society, September 16-17, 2006.
35) Eriksson, P., H. Viberg, E. Jakobsson, U. Orn, and A. Fredriksson. 2002. A brominated flame retardant, 2,2’,4,4’,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether: uptake, retention, and induction of neurobehavioral
alterations in mice during a critical phase of neonatal brain development. Toxicological Sciences 67:98-103.
Viberg, H., A. Fredriksson, E. Jakobsson, U. Orn, and P. Eriksson. 2003. Neurobehavioral derangements in adult mice receiving decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development. Toxicological Sciences 76:112–120.
36) Stoker, T.E., S.C. Laws, K.M. Crofton, J.M. Hedge, J.M. Ferrell, and R.L. Cooper. 2004. Assessment of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture, in the EDSP male and female pubertal protocols. Toxicological Sciences 78:144–155.
37) Zhou, T., D.G. Ross, M.J. DeVito, and K.M. Crofton. 2001. Effects of short-term in vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormones and hepatic enzyme activities in weanling rats. Toxicological Sciences 61:76-82.
Zhou, T., M.M. Taylor, M.J. DeVito, and K.M. Crofton. 2002. Developmental exposure to brominated diphenyl ethers results in thyroid hormone disruption. Toxicological Sciences 66:105-106.
38) Ross, P. 2006. Fireproof killer whales: flame-retardant chemicals and the conservation imperative in the charismatic icon of British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63:224-234.
Law, R.J., M. Alaee, C.R. Allchin, J.P. Boon, M. Lebeuf, P. Lepom, and G.A. Stern. 2003. Levels and trends of polybrominated diphenylethers and other brominated flame retardants in wildlife. Environment International 29:757-770.
39) U.S. EPA. 1995. Integrated Risk Information System, Decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDPE) (CASRN 1163-19-5). Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment.
40) Lowell Center for Sustainable Production. 2005. An investigation of non-halogen substitutes in electronic enclosure and textile applications. Lowell, MA: University of Massachusetts.
41) Rossi, M. and L. Heine. 2007. The Green Screen for Safer Chemicals: Evaluating Flame Retardants for TV Enclosures. Medford, MA: Clean Production Action. <http://www.cleanproduction.org/Green.Greenscreen.php> Accessed May 7, 2007.
42) Maine Department of Environmental Protection and Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. Brominated Flame Retardants, Third Annual Report to the Maine Legislature. Augusta, ME: Maine DEP. <http://www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/publications/legislativereports/pdf/finalrptjan07.pdf> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
43) Lorber, M. 2007. Exposure of Americans to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, published online April 11, 2007.
44) 3M Company. 2003. Environmental and Health Assessment of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Its Salts. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA, Docket AR-226-1486.
45) Falandysz, J., S. Taniyasu, A. Gulkowska, N. Yamashita, and U. Schulte-Gehlman. 2006. Is fish a major source of fluorinated surfactants and repellants in humans living on the Baltic coast? Environmental Science and Technology 40:748-751.
46) Shoeib, M, T. Harner, M. Ikonomou, and K. Kannan. 2004. Indoor and outdoor air concentrations and phase partitioning of perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environmental Science and Technology 38:1313–1320.
Shoeib, M., T. Harner, B.H. Wilford, K.C. Jones, and J. Zhu. 2005. Polyfluorinated compounds in the home: levels in air and dust and human exposure. Abstract ANA042 in: FLUOROS 2005, 18–20 August 2005, Toronto, Canada. Toronto, CN: University of Toronto. <http://www.chem.utoronto.ca/symposium/fluoros/abstractbook.htm> Accessed May 7, 2007.
Strynar, M.J., and A.B. Lindstrom. 2005. Perfluorinated compounds in archived house dust samples. Abstract ANA009 in: FLUOROS 2005.
47) Ellis, D.A., S.A. Mabury, J.W. Martin, and D.C.G. Muir. 2001. Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment. Nature 412:321-324.
48) U.S. EPA. 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts. <http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pfoa/pubs/pfoarisk.pdf> Accessed May 7, 2007.
49) Inoue, K., F. Okada, R. Ito, S. Kato, S. Sasaki, S. Nakajima, et al. 2004. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related perfluorinated compounds in human maternal and cord blood samples: assessment of PFOS exposure in a susceptible population during pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:1204–1207.
50) So, M.K., N. Yamashita, S. Taniyasu, et al. 2006. Health risks in infants associated with exposure to perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from Zhoushan, China. Environmental Science and Technology 40: 2924-2929.
51) Environmental Working Group. 2003. PFCs: A Family of Chemicals that Contaminate the Planet. <http://www.ewg.org/reports/pfcworld/index.php> Accessed May 7, 2007.
52) Alexander, B.H., G.W. Olsen, J.M. Burris, et al. 2003. Mortality of employees of a perfluorooctanesulphonyl fluoride manufacturing facility. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60:722-729.
53) Luebker, D.J., R.G. York, J.A. Moore, K.J. Hansen, and J.L. Butenhoff. 2005. Neonatal mortality from in utero exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in Sprague-Dawley rats: dose response, pharmacokinetics, and clinical chemistry. Toxicology 215:149–169.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2002. Co-operation on Existing Chemicals: Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Its Salts. <http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/18/2382880.pdf> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
Case, M.T., R.G. York, and M.S. Christian. 2001. Rat and rabbit oral developmental toxicity studies with two perfluorinated compounds. International Journal of Toxicology 20:101-109.
54) Perfluorooctanoic Acid Review Panel. 2006. Science Advisory Board Review of EPA’s Draft Risk Assessment of Potential Human Health Effects Associated with PFOA and Its Salts. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-SAB-06-006. <http://www.epa.gov/sab/pdf/sab_06_006.pdf> Accessed May 7, 2007.
U.S. EPA. 2005. Draft risk assessment of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts. <http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pfoa/pubs/pfoarisk.pdf>
55) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Proposed Rule: Premanufacture Notification Exemption for Polymers: Amendment of Polymer Exemption Rule to Exclude Certain Perfluorinated polymers. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051.
56) Sinclair, E., S.K. Kim, H.B. Akinleye, and K. Kannan. 2007. Quantitation of gas-phase perfluoroalkyl surfactants and fluorotelomer alcohols released from nonstick cookware and microwave popcorn bags. Environmental Science and Technology 41:1180-1185.
57) Brotons, J.A., M.F. Olea-Serrano, M. Villalobos, V. Pedraza and N. Olea. 1995. Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coating in food cans. Environmental Health Perspectives 103:608-612.
Takao, Y., H.C. Lee, S. Kohra and K. Arizono. 2002. Release of bisphenol A from food can lining upon heating. Journal of Health Science 48:331-334.
Yoshida, T., M. Horie, Y. Hoshino and H. Nakazawa. 2001. Determination of bisphenol A in canned vegetables and fruit by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Additives and Contaminants 18:69-75.
58) Krishnan, A.V., P. Stathis, S.F. Permuth, L. Tokes and D. Feldman. 1993. Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology 132:2279-2286.
Brede, C., P. Fjeldal, I. Skjevrak and H. Herikstad. 2003. Increased migration levels of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles after dishwashing, boiling and brushing. Food Additives and Contaminants 20: 684-689.
59) Kolpin, D.W., E.T. Furlong, M.T. Meyer, E.M. Thurman, S.D. Zaugg, LB. Barber, and H.T. Buxton. 2002. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national survey. Environmental Science and Technology 36:1202-1211.
60) Dodds, E.C. and W. Lawson. 1938. Molecular structure in relation to oestrogenic activity: compounds without a phenanthrene nucleus. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B. 125:222-232.
61) Sugiura-Ogasawara, M., Y. Ozaki, S. Sonta, T. Makino and K. Suzumori. 2005. Exposure to bisphenol A is associated with recurrent miscarriage. Human Reproduction 20:2325-2329.
62) Kubo, K., O. Arai, M. Omura, R. Wantanabe, R. Ogata, and S. Aou. 2003. Low dose effects of bisphenol A on sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior in rats. Neuroscience Research 45: 345-356.
63) Ho, S.M., W.Y. Tang, J. Belmonte de Frausto, and G.S. Prins. 2006. Developmental exposure to estradiol and bisphenol A increases susceptibility to prostate carcinogenesis and epigenetically regulates phosphodiesterase type 4 variant 4. Cancer Research 66: 5624-5632.
Wetherill, Y.B., C.E. Petre, K.R. Monk, A. Puga, and K.E. Knudsen. 2002. The xenoestrogen bisphenol A induces inappropriate androgen receptor activation and mitogenesis in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 1: 515–524.
64) Durando, M., L. Kass, J. Piva, C. Sonnenschein, A.M. Soto, E.H. Luque, and M. Muñoz-de-Toro. 2007. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure induces preneoplastic lesions in the mammary gland in wistar rats. Environmental Health Perspectives 115: 80-86.
65) vom Saal, F.S. and C. Hughes. 2005. An extensive new literature concerning low-dose effects of bisphenol A shows the need for a new risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:926-933.
vom Saal, F.S. and Welshons, W.V. 2006. Large effects from small exposures: II. The importance of positive controls in low-dose research on bisphenol A. Environmental Research 100:50-76.
66) vom Saal, F.S. and C. Hughes. 2005. An extensive new literature concerning low-dose effects of bisphenol A shows the need for a new risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:926-933.
67) Environmental Working Group. 2007. Human Toxome Project: Mapping the Pollution in People, BADGE-4OH. <www.ewg.org/sites/humantoxome/chemicals/chemical.php?chemid=100356> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
68) Municipal Code of San Francisco. 2007. Article 34: Sale of Toys and Child Care Articles Made with Bisphenol-A. <http://www.municode.com/content/4201/14136/HTML/ch034.html> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
69) Moller, L., C. Helweg, C.H. Pratt, A. Worup, and C. Skak. 2002. Evaluation of Alternatives for Compounds under Risk Assessment in the EU, Bisphenol A. Denmark: Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
70) Environmental Working Group. 2007. A Survey of Bisphenol A in U.S. Canned Foods. <http://www.ewg.org/reports/bisphenola/execsumm.php> Accessed on April 16, 2007.
71) Gilbert, S. 2004. A Small Dose of Toxicology: The Health Effects of Common Chemicals. New York: CRC Press.
Lanphear, B.P., R. Hornung, J. Khoury, K. Yolton, P. Baghurst, D.C. Bellinger, R.L. Canfield, K.N. Dietrich, R. Bornschein, T. Greene, S.J. Rothenberg, H.L. Needleman, L. Schnaas, G. Wasserman, J. Graziano, and R. Roberts. 2005. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: An international pooled analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:894-899.
72) Grosse, S.D., T.D. Matte, J. Schwartz, and R.J. Jackson. 2002. Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives 110:563.
73) ATSDR. 2005. ToxFAQs for Lead. <http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.html> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
74) Crockett, P. and M. Belliveau. 2005. Known Hazard, Unrecognized Danger: Lead Exposure in Maine’s Workforce. Augusta: Maine Labor Group on Health and Environmental Health Strategy Center.
75) Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. 2005. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
76) Warren C. 2000. Brush with Death: A Social History of Lead Poisoning. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Markowitz, G. and D. Rosner. 2002. Deceipt and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
77) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Blood Lead Levels—United States, 1999-2002. MMWR Weekly 54:513-516. <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5420a5.htm> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
78) Lanphear, B.P., R. Hornung, J. Khoury, K. Yolton, P. Baghurst, D.C. Bellinger, R.L. Canfield, K.N. Dietrich, R. Bornschein, T. Greene, S.J. Rothenberg, H.L. Needleman, L. Schnaas, G. Wasserman, J. Graziano, and R. Roberts. 2005. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: An international pooled analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:894-899.
Koller, K., T. Brown, A. Spurgeon, and L. Levy. 2004. Recent developments in low-level lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:987-994.
79) National Research Council. 2000. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Murata, K., P. Weihe, E. Budtz-Jørgensen, P.J. Jørgensen, and P. Grandjean. 2004. Delayed brainstem auditory evoked potential latencies in 14-year-old children exposed to methylmercury. The Journal of Pediatrics 144:177-183.
80) Schober, S.E., T.H. Sinks, R.L. Jones, M.P. Bolger, M. McDowell, J. Osterloh, E.S. Garrett, R.A. Canady, C.F. Dillon, Y. Sun, C.B. Joseph, and K. Mahaffey. 2003. Blood mercury levels in U.S. children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000. Journal of the American Medical Association 289:1667-1674.
81) Mahaffey, K. 2004. Methylmercury: Epidemiological Update, report presented at the 2004 Fish Forum, San Diego, CA. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.
82) Maine Bureau of Health. 2000. Warning about eating freshwater fish. Augusta, ME: Environmental Toxicology Program, Maine Bureau of Health, Revised August 29, 2000. <http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/eohp/fish/2KFCA.htm> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
83) Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Maine Family Fish Guide. Augusta, ME: Environmental and Occupational Health Program, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/eohp/fish/> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
84) Environmental Working Group. 2005. EWG Appeal Requesting Correction to FDA Seafood Advisory Entitled “What You Need to Know About Mercury in Fish and Shellfish: 2004 FDA and EPA Advice for Women who Might Become Pregnant, Women who are Pregnant, Nursing Mothers, Young Children.” (Docket Number 2004P-0004/CP1). <http://www.ewg.org/issues/siteindex/issues.php?issueid=5010> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
85) Ayotte, J.D., B.T. Nolan, J.R. Nuckols, K.P. Cantor, G.R. Robinson, Jr., D. Baris, L. Hayes, M.R. Karagas, W. Bress, D.T. Silverman, and J.H. Lubin. 2006. Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment. Environmental Science and Technology 40:3578-3585.
86) Klaassen, C.D., ed. 2001. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Sixth Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Medical Publishing Division.
87) ATSDR. 2005. Toxicological profile for arsenic, draft for public comment. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
88) U.S. EPA. 2000. Technologies and costs for removal of arsenic from drinking water. EPA 815-R-00028. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA.
89) Wasserman, G.A., and X. Liu. 2004. Water arsenic exposure and children’s intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:1329–1333.
90) Baldacci, J. 2006. An Order Promoting Safer Chemicals in Consumer Products and Services, Executive Order No. 12, FY 06/07, February 22, 2006. Augusta, ME: Office of the Governor.
91) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH Pub. No. 05-0570.
92) McDonald, T. 2005. Polybrominated diphenylether levels among United States residents: daily intake and risk of harm to the developing brain and reproductive organs. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 1:343-354.
93) Schreder, E. 2006. Pollution in People: A Study of Toxic Chemicals in Washingtonians. Seattle, WA: Toxic-Free Legacy Coalition. <http://www.pollutioninpeople.org> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
94) Patten, S. and D. Baltz. 2005. Taking It All In: Documenting Chemical Pollution in Californians Through Biomonitoring. Bolinas, CA: Commonweal Biomonitoring Resource Center.
95) Calafat, A.M., Z. Kuklenyik, S.P. Caudill, J.A. Reidy, and L.L. Needham. 2006. Perfluorochemicals in pooled serum samples from United States residents in 2001 and 2002. Environmental Science and Technology 40:2128-2134.
96) Schreder, E. 2006. Pollution in People: A Study of Toxic Chemicals in Washingtonians. Seattle, WA: Toxic-Free Legacy Coalition. <http://www.pollutioninpeople.org> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
97) Patten, S. and D. Baltz. 2005. Taking It All In: Documenting Chemical Pollution in Californians Through Biomonitoring. Bolinas, CA: Commonweal Biomonitoring Resource Center.
98) Environmental Working Group. 2007. Human Toxome Project: Mapping the Pollution in People. Bisphenol A, <www.ewg.org/sites/humantoxome/chemicals/chemical.php?chemid=100357> and BADGE-4OH, <www.ewg.org/sites/humantoxome/chemicals/chemical.php?chemid=100356> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
99) Patten, S. and D. Baltz. 2005. Taking It All In: Documenting Chemical Pollution in Californians Through Biomonitoring. Bolinas, CA: Commonweal Biomonitoring Resource Center.
100) Takeuchi, T. and O. Tsutsumi. 2002. Serum bisphenol A concentrations showed gender differences, possibly linked to androgen levels. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 291:76-78.
101) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH Pub. No. 05-0570.
102) Smith, J.C., P.V. Allen, and R. Von Burg. 1997. Hair methylmercury levels in U.S. women. Archives of Environmental Health 52(6):476-480; cited in National Research Council. 2000. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
103) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Blood and hair mercury levels in young children and women of childbearing age—United States, 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 50:140-143. <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a2.htm> Accessed on May 7, 2007.
104) Pellizzari, E.D. and C.A. Clayton. 2006. Assessing the measurement precision of various arsenic forms and arsenic exposure in the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS). Environmental Health Perspectives 114:220-227.
105) Schreder, E. 2006. Pollution in People: A Study of Toxic Chemicals in Washingtonians. Seattle, WA: Toxic-Free Legacy Coalition. <http://www.pollutioninpeople.org> Accessed on May 7, 2007.