|
Table 1 -- The
Chemicals Tested in Thirteen Mainers
|
Chemical Group
Medium Tested Units of Measurement
|
Chemical Tested
|
Chemical Description
|
|
Phthalates
Tested in Urine
Results reported as
nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml) or parts per billion (ppb)
|
MMP
|
Mono-methyl phthalate
|
A metabolite of DMP
(dimethyl phthalate)
|
|
MEP
|
Mono-ethyl phthalate
|
A metabolite of DEP
(diethyl phthalate)
|
|
MBP
|
Mono-butyl phthalate
|
A metabolite of DBP
(dibutyl phthalate)
|
|
MBzP
|
Mono-benzyl phthalate
|
A metabolite of BzBP
(benzylbutyl phthalate)
|
|
MEHP
|
Mono-2-ethylhexyl
phthalate
|
All three are metabolites
of DEHP, which is di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
|
|
MEOHP
|
Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)
phthalate
|
|
MEHHP
|
Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)
phthalate
|
|
PBDEs
Tested in blood
Results reported as picograms
per gram (pg/g) on a lipid weight basis or parts per trillion (ppt)
|
Polybrominated
diphenyl ethers
46 different PBDEs were
measured of the 209 congeners that exist.
See Table 2 for full list.
|
PBDE congeners are
named from BDE-1 to BDE-209. They
differ only by the location and number of the bromine atoms, which varies
from 1 to 10. Congeners are chemical
compounds that share the same basic structure.
|
|
PFCs
or perfluorinated
chemicals
Tested in blood
Results reported as
nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) or parts per billion
|
PFBA
|
Perfluorobutanoic acid
|
PFOA is the most
prominent among this group of perfluorinated carboxylic acids. It has eight carbon atoms. The related compounds in this group range from
having four to twelve carbon atoms.
While PFOA is being phased out of some products, all of these
compounds are possible breakdown products or manufacturing intermediates of
other commercial PFCs.
|
|
PFPeA
|
Perfluoro-n-pentanoic
acid
|
|
PFHxA
|
Perfluorohexanoic acid
|
|
PFHpA
|
Perfluoroheptanoic acid
|
|
PFOA
|
Perfluorooctanoic acid
|
|
PFNA
|
Perfluorononanoic acid
|
|
PFDA
|
Perfluorodecanoic acid
|
|
PFUnA
|
Perfluoroundecanoic
acid
|
|
PFDoA
|
Perfluorododecanoic
acid
|
|
PFBS
|
Perfluorobutanesulfonate
|
Among these
perfluorinated sulfonates, PFOS was phased out of Scotchgard in 2000 and
replaced with PFBS. PFHxS is still
used.
|
|
PFHxS
|
Perfluorohexanesulfonate
|
|
PFOS
|
Perfluorooctanesulfonate
|
|
PFOSA
|
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
|
A breakdown product of
PFCs, which breaks down itself into PFOS
|
|
BPA
Tested in blood
Results in ng/mL or ppb
|
BPA
|
Bisphenol A
|
Monomer for
polycarbonate plastic
|
|
BADGE-4OH
|
A metabolite of BADGE (bisphenol
A diglycidyl ether) used in epoxy resins
|
|
Metals
Lead: tested in blood
Results in ug/dL
Methylmercury: tested in hair
Results in ng/g or ppb
Arsenic: tested in
urine
Results in ug/L or ppb
|
Lead
|
A soft metal that readily
escapes from products with skin contact, as a dust that can be ingested or
inhaled, or dissolved in drinking water.
|
|
Methylmercury
|
A highly toxic form of
mercury produced by bacteria in wetland environments from mercury pollution
of the air and water, which builds up to high levels in fish and wildlife.
|
|
Arsenic
(total, inorganic and As(III)
|
Total arsenic includes
organic arsenic which is relatively low in toxicity as well as highly toxic
inorganic arsenic. Arsenic(III) is the
most toxic form of inorganic arsenic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table
2 --
Complete Results of Chemical Screening of Thirteen Mainers
|
Chemical Class
|
Chemical Tested
|
Regina Creeley
|
Dana Dow
|
Paulette Dingley
|
Amy Graham
|
Bettie Kettell
|
Russell Libby
|
Hannah Pingree
|
Lauralee Raymond
|
Vi Raymond
|
Elise Roux
|
Charlie Schmidt
|
Eric Stirling
|
Denyse Wilson
|
|
Phthalates
in
URINE
In
each box:
The 1st
result is in ng/mL or ~ parts per billion (ppb);
The 2nd
result is in ug/gCr-L (creatinine-corrected) or ~ ppb
|
MMP
|
< 3.32
< 3.42
|
< 1.73
< 1.16
|
12.1
46.5
|
5.17
7.18
|
2.99
7.29
|
13.1
8.9
|
26.6
23.1
|
21.6
14.2
|
19.6
22.7
|
15.8
8.19
|
< 6.28
< 5.87
|
5.56
6.78
|
< 26.3
< 17.2
|
|
MEP
|
10.3
10.6
|
81.5
54.7
|
45.9
177
|
26.7
37.1
|
24.4
59.5
|
29
19.6
|
172
150
|
105
69.1
|
121
140
|
395
205
|
20.7
19.3
|
38.1
46.5
|
73.9
48.3
|
|
MBP
|
26.2
27.0
|
32
21.5
|
22.6
86.9
|
15.7
21.8
|
28
68.3
|
38.7
26.1
|
75.7
65.8
|
107
70.4
|
66.2
76.5
|
97.4
50.5
|
48.5
45.3
|
35.4
43.2
|
141
92.2
|
|
MBzP
|
28.2
29.1
|
20.8
13.6
|
17.9
68.8
|
9.12
12.7
|
25.1
61.2
|
46.8
31.6
|
54
47
|
12.7
8.36
|
26.5
30.6
|
127
65.8
|
6.73
6.29
|
22.5
27.4
|
30.5
19.9
|
|
MEHP
|
10.2
10.5
|
2.42
1.62
|
8.18
31.5
|
5.23
7.26
|
13
31.7
|
24.7
16.7
|
45.3
39.4
|
23.3
15.3
|
57.9
66.9
|
7.89
4.09
|
4.52
4.22
|
2.82
3.44
|
10.8
7.06
|
|
MEOHP
|
15.4
15.9
|
6.15
4.13
|
8.05
31.0
|
7.47
10.4
|
30.9
75.4
|
27.6
18.6
|
106
92.2
|
52.1
34.3
|
114
132
|
29.1
15.1
|
8.56
8.00
|
8.81
10.7
|
22.6
14.8
|
|
MEHHP
|
41.3
42.6
|
12.5
8.39
|
29.5
113
|
23.9
33.2
|
66.4
162
|
59.5
40.2
|
197
171
|
95.8
63.0
|
280
324
|
54.5
28.2
|
43.6
40.7
|
20.6
25.1
|
49.6
32.4
|
|
Total Phthalates
|
133
137
|
156
105
|
144
555
|
93.3
130
|
191
465
|
239
162
|
677
588
|
418
275
|
685
793
|
727
377
|
136
127
|
134
163
|
342
223
|
|
Chemical Class
|
Chemical Tested
|
Regina Creeley
|
Dana Dow
|
Paulette Dingley
|
Amy Graham
|
Bettie Kettell
|
Russell Libby
|
Hannah Pingree
|
Lauralee Raymond
|
Vi Raymond
|
Elise Roux
|
Charlie Schmidt
|
Eric Stirling
|
Denyse Wilson
|
|
PFCs
in
blood SERUM
results
shown in ng/mL or ~ parts per billion
(ppb)
|
PFBA
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
|
PFPeA
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.721
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
< 0.544
|
|
PFHxA
|
< 0.476
|
< 0.476
|
< 0.478
|
< 0.476
|
< 9.86
|
< 0.476
|
< 0.476
|
< 0.487
|
< 0.476
|
< 0.719
|
< 0.755
|
< 0.539
|
< 0.811
|
|
PFHpA
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
< 0.556
|
|
PFOA
|
1.52
|
18.4
|
3.05
|
1.05
|
4.55
|
4.43
|
5.03
|
3.7
|
7.69
|
3.55
|
4.41
|
5.61
|
1.23
|
|
PFNA
|
0.923
|
3.07
|
1.21
|
< 0.468
|
1.57
|
1.86
|
1.96
|
0.93
|
1.61
|
1.16
|
1.56
|
1.37
|
0.697
|
|
PFDA
|
< 0.504
|
1.21
|
< 0.504
|
< 0.504
|
0.615
|
0.551
|
0.683
|
< 0.504
|
1.23
|
0.628
|
< 0.504
|
0.826
|
< 0.504
|
|
PFUnA
|
< 0.512
|
1.39
|
< 0.512
|
< 0.512
|
< 0.512
|
< 0.512
|
1.19
|
0.595
|
0.744
|
0.69
|
0.633
|
0.932
|
< 0.512
|
|
PFDoA
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
< 0.576
|
|
PFBS
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
< 1.41
|
|
PFHxS
|
3.44
|
9.01
|
1.55
|
< 1.29
|
2.19
|
< 1.29
|
< 1.29
|
2.46
|
< 1.29
|
< 1.29
|
2.74
|
1.57
|
< 1.29
|
|
PFOS
|
13.7
|
38
|
14.4
|
6.11
|
21.4
|
15.4
|
14.2
|
13.4
|
10.9
|
14.9
|
25
|
14.1
|
6.69
|
|
PFOSA
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
< 0.48
|
|
Total PFCs
|
22.3
|
73.3
|
25.0
|
10.8
|
32.8
|
25.4
|
26.0
|
23.6
|
25.0
|
23.8
|
36.9
|
26.7
|
12.0
|
|
Chemical Class
|
Chemical Tested
|
Regina Creeley
|
Dana Dow
|
Paulette Dingley
|
Amy Graham
|
Bettie Kettell
|
Russell Libby
|
Hannah Pingree
|
Lauralee Raymond
|
Vi Raymond
|
Elise Roux
|
Charlie Schmidt
|
Eric Stirling
|
Denyse Wilson
|
|
BPA
in blood SERUM
|
BPA
|
< 0.752
|
< 0.52
|
3.75
|
< 0.52
|
< 0.52
|
< 0.52
|
< 1.64
|
< 0.571
|
4.49
|
6.64
|
< 3.24
|
< 0.52
|
< 0.52
|
|
BADGE-4OH
|
< 2.6
|
< 2.6
|
6.35
|
2.81
|
< 4.06
|
< 2.6
|
6.69
|
< 2.6
|
119
|
59.7
|
< 2.6
|
< 2.6
|
< 2.6
|
|
results
shown in ng/mL or ~ parts per billion (ppb)
|
|
Chemical Class
|
Chemical Tested
|
Regina Creeley
|
Dana Dow
|
Paulette Dingley
|
Amy Graham
|
Bettie Kettell
|
Russell Libby
|
Hannah Pingree
|
Lauralee Raymond
|
Vi Raymond
|
Elise Roux
|
Charlie Schmidt
|
Eric Stirling
|
Denyse Wilson
|
|
PBDEs
in
blood SERUM
results
shown in pg/g on a lipid weight basis, which is approximately the same as
parts per trillion (ppt)
|
BDE-7
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-8/11
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-10
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-12/13
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-15
|
439
|
86.7
|
* 141
|
80.2
|
200
|
506
|
603
|
225
|
119
|
86.1
|
144
|
60.6
|
480
|
|
BDE-17/25
|
154
|
72.1
|
36.7
|
58.1
|
506
|
212
|
58.7
|
217
|
69.4
|
138
|
202
|
84.4
|
* 58.2
|
|
BDE-28/33
|
900
|
599
|
350
|
518
|
2200
|
1850
|
554
|
1350
|
608
|
694
|
1340
|
483
|
801
|
|
BDE-30
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 52.1
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-32
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-35
|
* 102
|
* 101
|
* 67.1
|
46.3
|
* 69.4
|
* 101
|
* 119
|
* 47.9
|
* 100
|
* 41.4
|
< 27.7
|
* 68.5
|
* 66.1
|
|
BDE-37
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
37.1
|
* 55.3
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-47
|
8380
|
6490
|
2900
|
8390
|
33500
|
17200
|
5460
|
17500
|
7450
|
13000
|
18200
|
6550
|
6570
|
|
BDE-49
|
136
|
57.5
|
48
|
83.9
|
275
|
140
|
97.6
|
117
|
98.3
|
112
|
156
|
70.5
|
82.6
|
|
BDE-51
|
< 27.4
|
* 22.6
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
83.8
|
47.5
|
< 24.6
|
* 76.4
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
* 38
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-66
|
122
|
* 73.4
|
* 55.2
|
128
|
506
|
240
|
87.4
|
215
|
* 101
|
169
|
207
|
93.3
|
93.5
|
|
BDE-71
|
* 31.3
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
70.8
|
30.5
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-75
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
85.1
|
32.9
|
< 24.6
|
* 38.5
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-77
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-79
|
39
|
23.6
|
< 27.2
|
* 55.5
|
140
|
103
|
26.6
|
78.1
|
32.8
|
* 38.8
|
48
|
25.5
|
36.3
|
|
BDE-85
|
177
|
103
|
53.2
|
148
|
745
|
254
|
95.3
|
306
|
137
|
229
|
365
|
99.9
|
75.9
|
|
BDE-99
|
2210
|
1210
|
987
|
1870
|
9280
|
3290
|
1400
|
3170
|
1490
|
3310
|
3680
|
1440
|
1130
|
|
BDE-100
|
1550
|
1440
|
454
|
1260
|
6350
|
4780
|
866
|
7230
|
1650
|
2550
|
3380
|
1150
|
922
|
|
BDE-105
|
< 32
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 57.8
|
< 34.3
|
< 26
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 36
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-116
|
< 45.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 28
|
< 85.4
|
< 48.8
|
< 36.9
|
< 25.3
|
< 42.3
|
* 51.7
|
< 34.3
|
< 50.5
|
23.9
|
< 33
|
|
BDE-119/120
|
< 29
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 53.6
|
* 54.8
|
* 48
|
< 24.6
|
* 56.2
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 32.8
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-126
|
< 27.4
|
< 22.1
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-128
|
< 27.9
|
< 134
|
< 31.4
|
< 52.6
|
< 43.2
|
< 34.6
|
< 31.5
|
< 40.8
|
< 25.2
|
< 39.4
|
< 37.3
|
< 20.8
|
< 36.5
|
|
BDE-138/166
|
47.9
|
* 40.4
|
< 27.2
|
* 56.8
|
121
|
101
|
< 24.6
|
84.2
|
32.4
|
59
|
93.8
|
21.2
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-140
|
56.7
|
28
|
< 27.2
|
49.4
|
77.8
|
68.3
|
< 24.6
|
113
|
31.1
|
49.6
|
72.6
|
50.5
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-153
|
4840
|
3660
|
1390
|
4520
|
4060
|
5570
|
2780
|
15300
|
3030
|
2840
|
4300
|
9120
|
2150
|
|
BDE-154
|
200
|
145
|
96.8
|
225
|
746
|
505
|
131
|
396
|
166
|
280
|
375
|
150
|
119
|
|
BDE-155
|
* 45.9
|
* 31
|
< 27.2
|
* 70.5
|
* 78.6
|
* 59.5
|
* 38.4
|
* 57.8
|
* 34.6
|
* 57.6
|
* 62.3
|
* 42.2
|
* 37.3
|
|
BDE-181
|
< 28.2
|
< 26.8
|
< 27.2
|
< 43.6
|
< 25.7
|
< 25.7
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 27.7
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-183
|
297
|
352
|
* 147
|
623
|
531
|
445
|
159
|
417
|
210
|
271
|
1400
|
262
|
328
|
|
BDE-190
|
< 40.8
|
< 39.7
|
< 27.2
|
< 45.5
|
< 30
|
< 32.5
|
< 24.6
|
< 31.3
|
< 23.4
|
< 34.1
|
< 36.3
|
< 19.1
|
< 31.9
|
|
BDE-203
|
190
|
* 248
|
90.1
|
* 177
|
91.1
|
* 153
|
134
|
* 111
|
* 94.8
|
* 129
|
303
|
104
|
* 191
|
|
BDE-206
|
< 328
|
< 799
|
< 328
|
< 526
|
< 308
|
< 308
|
< 441
|
< 378
|
< 282
|
< 408
|
< 666
|
< 345
|
< 768
|
|
BDE-207
|
< 328
|
< 799
|
< 328
|
< 526
|
< 308
|
< 308
|
< 441
|
< 378
|
< 282
|
< 408
|
< 666
|
< 345
|
< 768
|
|
BDE-208
|
< 328
|
< 799
|
< 328
|
< 526
|
308
|
< 308
|
< 441
|
< 378
|
< 282
|
< 408
|
< 666
|
< 345
|
< 768
|
|
BDE-209
|
< 4920
|
<10700
|
< 4910
|
< 3940
|
< 4620
|
< 3080
|
< 8820
|
< 5660
|
< 4220
|
< 6120
|
< 9990
|
< 3450
|
< 11500
|
|
Total PBDEs
|
20,088
|
14,751
|
6,918
|
18,579
|
59,869
|
35,955
|
12,782
|
47,343
|
15,518
|
24,229
|
34,594
|
19,971
|
13,410
|
|
Chemical Class
|
Chemical Tested
|
Regina Creeley
|
Dana Dow
|
Paulette Dingley
|
Amy Graham
|
Bettie Kettell
|
Russell Libby
|
Hannah Pingree
|
Lauralee Raymond
|
Vi Raymond
|
Elise Roux
|
Charlie Schmidt
|
Eric Stirling
|
Denyse Wilson
|
|
Metals
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pb in
BLOOD in ug/dL
|
Lead
|
1.10
|
1.06
|
1.46
|
0.549
|
0.716
|
1.07
|
1.20
|
0.719
|
0.884
|
0.507
|
3.26
|
1.14
|
no data
|
|
MeHg
in HAIR in ng/g or ppb
|
Methylmercury
|
* 156
|
497
|
396
|
437
|
333
|
* 215
|
1140
|
759
|
291
|
778
|
** 186
|
1180
|
257
|
|
As in
URINE
1st
# is in ug/L
2nd
is ug/gCr-L (creatinine corrected) ½ both are ~ ppb
|
Arsenic
(Total)
|
843
869
|
98.1
65.8
|
3.51
13.5
|
11.2
15.5
|
21.2
51.7
|
16.1
10.9
|
30.7
26.7
|
59.6
39.2
|
11.1
12.8
|
8.18
4.24
|
40.2
37.6
|
58.6
71.5
|
56.7
37.1
|
|
Arsenic
(Inorganic)
|
0.238
0.245
|
0.496
0.333
|
0.162
0.623
|
0.575
0.799
|
0.173
0.422
|
1.11
0.75
|
1.13
0.98
|
1.07
0.70
|
0.753
0.871
|
0.48
0.25
|
0.508
0.476
|
0.299
0.365
|
1.16
0.76
|
|
Arsenic(III)
|
0.210
0.216
|
0.420
0.282
|
0.160
0.623
|
0.450
0.625
|
0.150
0.366
|
0.740
0.500
|
0.730
0.635
|
0.83
0.55
|
0.620
0.717
|
0.44
0.52
|
0.140
0.131
|
0.200
0.244
|
0.83
0.54
|
|
Chemical Class
|
Chemical Tested
|
Regina Creeley
|
Dana Dow
|
Paulette Dingley
|
Amy Graham
|
Bettie Kettell
|
Russell Libby
|
Hannah Pingree
|
Lauralee Raymond
|
Vi Raymond
|
Elise Roux
|
Charlie Schmidt
|
Eric Stirling
|
Denyse Wilson
|
|
Protein
in
URINE
|
Creatinine
(mg/dL)
|
97
|
149
|
26
|
72
|
41
|
148
|
115
|
152
|
86.5
|
193
|
107
|
82
|
153
|
|
These
normal protein levels are used to adjust the measured chemicals in urine to
account for dilution due to varying amounts of fluid intake per person
|
NOTES:
Boldface type in a colored box indicates the
chemical was detected
< the chemical was not found above the limit
of detection indicated; the chemical might be present below this limit
* the chemical was detected but the
quantification criteria were not met, therefore the result represents the
estimated maximum possible concentration
** estimate
To calculate
the sum total for Phthalates, PFCs and PBDEs, any value reported as
non-detected (< #) was assigned a value of ½ the detection limit; For the same purpose, any PBDE value that was
flagged (*) as not meeting quantification criteria was assigned a value of ½
the reported value.
Table 3 --
Summary of Results of Maine Body Burden
Study
|
Results from
13 Maine Participants
|
Results from
Other Studies
|
|
Phthalates
|
units = ug/gCr-L (creatinine
corrected)
|
from federal CDC 3rd
National Exposure Report [91]
n = 2,536 for MEP; n = 2,772 for
all other phthalates
|
|
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Median ½ or 50th
%tile
|
Median ½ or 50th
%tile
|
75th %tile
|
90th %tile
|
95th %tile
|
|
MMP
|
< 1.16
|
46.5
|
8.19
|
1.33
|
2.62
|
5.00
|
7.97
|
|
MEP
|
10.6
|
205
|
54.7
|
147
|
388
|
975
|
1860
|
|
MBP
|
21.8
|
92.2
|
50.5
|
26.0
|
51.6
|
98.6
|
149
|
|
MBzP
|
6.29
|
68.8
|
29.1
|
13.5
|
26.6
|
55.1
|
90.4
|
|
MEHP
|
1.62
|
66.9
|
10.6
|
3.89
|
7.94
|
18.2
|
32.8
|
|
MEOHP
|
4.13
|
132
|
15.9
|
11.2
|
21.3
|
45.1
|
87.5
|
|
MEHHP
|
8.39
|
324
|
40.7
|
16.6
|
32.3
|
70.8
|
147
|
|
Sum TOTAL
|
105
|
793
|
223
|
219
|
530
|
1,268
|
2,375
|
|
PBDEs
|
units = pg/g on a lipid weight
basis
|
from McDonald 2005 [92]
n = 62 women from CA & IN
|
n = 10
|
n = 11
|
|
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Median ½ or 50th
%tile
|
Median ½ or 50th % tile
|
95th %tile
|
Washington Median [93]
|
California Median [94]
|
|
BDE-15
|
60.6
|
603
|
144
|
|
|
275
|
-
|
|
BDE-17/25
|
36.7
|
506
|
84.4
|
|
|
61.7
|
-
|
|
BDE-28/33
|
350
|
2200
|
694
|
|
|
1128
|
-
|
|
BDE-35
|
< 27.7
|
119
|
* 68.5
|
|
|
< 5.64
|
-
|
|
BDE-37
|
< 19.1
|
* 55.3
|
< 27.7
|
|
|
10.0
|
-
|
|
BDE-47
|
2900
|
33500
|
8380
|
included below
|
incl. below
|
19950
|
14100
|
|
BDE-49
|
48
|
275
|
98.3
|
|
|
178
|
-
|
|
BDE-51
|
< 19.1
|
83.8
|
< 31.9
|
|
|
~ 12
|
-
|
|
BDE-66
|
* 55.2
|
506
|
122
|
|
|
170
|
-
|
|
BDE-71
|
< 19.1
|
70.8
|
< 31.3
|
|
|
< 17.4
|
-
|
|
BDE-75
|
< 19.1
|
85.1
|
< 27.7
|
|
|
25.0
|
-
|
|
BDE-79
|
< 27.2
|
140
|
* 38.8
|
|
|
* 61.1
|
-
|
|
BDE-85
|
53.2
|
745
|
148
|
|
|
346
|
-
|
|
BDE-99
|
987
|
9280
|
1870
|
included below
|
incl. below
|
4255
|
3100
|
|
BDE-100
|
454
|
7230
|
1550
|
included below
|
incl. below
|
3115
|
2100
|
|
BDE-116
|
< 22.1
|
* 51.7
|
< 36.9
|
|
|
< 22.4
|
-
|
|
BDE-119/120
|
< 19.1
|
* 56.2
|
< 31.9
|
|
|
22.8
|
-
|
|
BDE-138/166
|
21.2
|
121
|
47.9
|
|
|
73.8
|
-
|
|
BDE-140
|
< 24.6
|
77.8
|
49.6
|
|
|
~ 44
|
-
|
|
BDE-153
|
1390
|
15300
|
4060
|
included below
|
incl. below
|
2725
|
3400
|
|
BDE-154
|
96.8
|
746
|
200
|
included below
|
incl. below
|
368
|
280
|
|
BDE-155
|
< 27.2
|
* 78.6
|
* 45.9
|
|
|
43.4
|
-
|
|
BDE-183
|
* 147
|
1400
|
328
|
|
|
218
|
-
|
|
BDE-203
|
90.1
|
303
|
134
|
|
|
152
|
-
|
|
Sum TOTAL
|
6,918
|
59,869
|
19,971
|
40,700
|
305,000
|
47,500
|
22,980
|
|
PFCs
|
units
= ng/mL in blood serum (wet weight)
|
n = 476 women & 442 men
|
n = 10
|
n = 12
|
|
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Median
|
National Mean
(estimated) [95]
|
Washington Median [96]
|
California Median [97]
|
|
PFOA
|
1.05
|
18.4
|
4.41
|
3.97 to 6.98
|
3.6
|
5.3
|
|
PFNA
|
< 0.468
|
3.07
|
1.56
|
0.51 to 1.10
|
-
|
1.67
|
|
PFDA
|
< 0.504
|
1.23
|
0.551
|
-
|
-
|
0.43
|
|
PFUnA
|
< 0.512
|
1.39
|
0.595
|
-
|
-
|
0.40
|
|
PFHxS
|
< 1.29
|
9.01
|
1.57
|
4.33
|
-
|
2.44
|
|
PFOS
|
6.11
|
38
|
14.2
|
23.4 to 40.2
|
21.3
|
25.6
|
|
Sum TOTAL
|
10.8
|
73.3
|
25.0
|
32.2 ½ 52.6
|
24.9
|
35.8
|
|
BPA
|
units
= ng/mL in blood serum (wet weight)
|
n = 7 for
BPA
n = 30 for
BADGE
|
n = 11
|
n = 14 women ♀
n = 11 men ♂
|
|
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Range Detected
|
Geometric Mean - EWG [98]
|
California Median [99]
|
Mean - Takeuchi and Tsutsumi [100]
|
|
BPA
|
< 0.52
|
6.64
|
3.75 ½ 6.64
|
1.08
|
0.46
|
0.64♀ to 1.49♂
|
|
BADGE-4OH
|
< 2.6
|
119
|
2.81 - 119
|
9.33
|
12.8
|
-
|
|
Metals
|
|
|
Lead
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Median - 50%
|
Median ½ or 50th%tile
|
75th%tile
|
90th%tile
|
95th%tile
|
|
0.51
|
3.26
|
1.08
|
1.40
|
2.20
|
3.40
|
4.40
|
|
Units = micrograms of lead per deciliter
of blood (ug/dL)
|
n = 8945; from federal CDC 3rd National
Exposure Report [101]
|
|
|
|
Mercury
Methylmercury
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Median - 50%
|
U.S. Women of Childbearing Age
|
U.S. Women of Childbearing Age
|
|
Mean
|
95th %tile
|
Median
|
90th %tile
|
|
Top row: n = 13 Mainers
|
156
257
|
1180
1140
|
396
759
|
360
|
2400
|
200
|
1400
|
|
Bottom row: n = 5 Maine women of childbearing age
|
|
Units = nanograms methylmercury per
gram of hair (ng/g) or ppb
|
Smith (1997) cited in National Research Council [102]
|
n = 702 (CDC, 2001) [103]
|
|
Reference Dose, level
above which fetal brain development is at risk = 1000 ppb methylmercury in
hair
|
|
|
|
Arsenic
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Median - 50%
|
Pellizari &
Clayton (2006) [104]
|
Washington Median [105]
|
|
|
Median ½ 50%
|
|
Total As
|
3.51
|
843
|
30.7
|
10.23
|
11
|
|
|
Inorganic As
|
0.16
|
1.16
|
0.51
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Arsenic(III)
|
0.14
|
0.83
|
0.44
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Units = micrograms of arsenic per
liter of urine (ug/L) or ppb
|
n = 102
|
n = 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES: Minimum
and Maximum are the lowest and highest values reported among the 13 Maine participants. The median is the reported value that
falls in the middle of the range of all reported values. The median is the same as the 50th
percentile (50th %tile), which means that half or 50% of the
reported values are less than this number and half are greater than it; The 75th percentile (75th
%tile) is the number that is greater than three-quarters or 75% of all the
reported values (and is less than one-quarter or 25% of all the reported
values); The 90th percentile
(90th %tile) is the number that's greater than nine-tenths or 90% of
all the reported values (and less than 10% of all reported values); The 95th percentile (95th
%tile) is the number that is greater than 95% of all the reported values (and
less than 5 % of all reported values);
< means that the chemical was not found above the limit of detection
indicated (but the chemical might be present below this level); * means that the chemical was detected but
the quantification criteria were not met, therefore the result represents the
estimated maximum possible concentration for that sample; n = the number of individuals sampled. For
PFCs, the sum total is the median value of the minimum, maximum, and total
among all Maine participants. For the comparative results, the sum
total is the sum of the reported values. The values reported for the PFC national mean are the
least squares means estimates of serum concentrations for non-Hispanic white
females (lower value) and non-Hispanic white males (higher value) from pooled
samples obtained through the 2001-2002 NHANES. The lead national mean is based on total results for the U.S. population aged one and older
from 2001-2002 NHANES. See note 1, Table
16, p.38.
|
